Save energy at home

Energy conservation plays a key role in preventing environmental disasters. The problem of sensible use of energy is one of the most pressing problems facing humanity. The modern economy is based on the use of energy resources, the reserves of which are exhausted and cannot be renewed.

Every family has a certain influence on the environment. It's like she's connected to a single life support system. Through the channels of this system - electricity and heating networks, water supply, gas pipelines, through trade, household, utilities, utility organizations and enterprises - we receive everything necessary for the normal maintenance of a house. And my family is no exception. If every person pays attention to the use of natural resources, saves energy and water and reduces the use of single-use packaging materials, they will help prevent a global environmental catastrophe.

Using my family as an example, I decided to conduct a study on energy saving at home. My project helped me to consciously focus on conserving resources in the house, save costs on resources used, improve my life and achieve more comfort.

The problem of saving energy is relevant not only for my family, school, region, country, but for the whole world. By saving energy, you can reduce your own costs and have less impact on the environment. It helps to create a culture of energy saving - this is, first of all, training in practical measures, in particular the rational consumption of electricity, the use of new technologies and the use of energy-efficient household appliances and electric lamps.

goal of the project: Learn to use electricity in everyday life with maximum benefit and minimum cost.

Project goals:

• Talk about electricity consumption in everyday life, why you need to save electricity and what methods you can use to achieve this.
• In the research part of the project, fill out the apartment's energy passport, measure and analyze electricity consumption.
• Determine measures to reduce energy costs.
• The subject of the research is energy saving in everyday life.

Research hypothesis: I can assume that my family can make a meaningful contribution to saving energy and thus saving planet Earth.

Bulk

Saving energy at home

What do we mean by energy saving? Energy saving refers to a series of measures to save and rationally use electricity and heat. Energy conservation has become one of man's priority tasks due to the shortage of basic energy resources, the increasing costs of their production, as well as global environmental problems.

Every year the production of fuel and energy costs people more and more, and people are beginning to clearly understand that the senseless waste of energy, and especially electricity, or the improper use of energy devices is not only immoral, but also immoralhits the wallet, and the further, the harder.

Therefore, the main principle of a modern house is energy saving. Unfortunately, we rarely think about how and how much energy we spend on solving specific problems. We often use too much energy when we could save it.

From January 1, 2011, in accordance with this law, a complete ban on the sale of incandescent lamps with a power of more than 100 W was introduced. And since 2014 there has been a complete ban on the sale of lamps with an output of over 25 W.

Why save energy?

You need to save energy to reduce your harmful impact on the environment. Unfortunately, it is not possible for anyone to achieve energy savings simply by pressing a button or switch. Of course you can turn off the power supply completely, but how long can a person live in an apartment without electricity? Probably no one will like this. Therefore, the question of how to save energy at home is of great importance to everyone, including me. But energy costs are also rising for another reason: people have more and more electrical devices in their apartments and houses. Accordingly, the load on the substations increases, which have to be repaired more frequently or more powerful substations have to be installed. Saving energy is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly "source of energy". This is an approach to energy saving based on the use of energy-saving technologies aimed at reducing energy losses.

Ways to save energy

Any family is quite capable of reducing household electricity consumption by almost half without significant disruption to human comfort if they learn a number of useful rules and systematically implement them. The most effective method is to replace incandescent lamps with energy-saving fluorescent or LED lamps.

Devices that are in standby mode and will not be used for a long time must be turned off (computer, television, charger, microwave, etc. ). It is recommended to use the washing machine at maximum load.

Make it a rule to turn off the lamp or chandelier when leaving the room for a long time. Only boil the required amount of water in the kettle and descale it regularly.

Clean your vacuum cleaner's dust container more often. Turn on the air conditioning with the windows and doors tightly closed.

If you are away for a long time or leave the house, turn off all electrical appliances except the refrigerator.

Desks and computers should be positioned to make the most of natural light.

I think that if you follow the developed energy saving rules for a certain period of time, the invented saving methods will become a habit for the family. That's why there is an energy saving sticker on the refrigerator and a warning sign on every switch that my sister and I drew for our house.

Research part

The number of electrical appliances in our household is constantly increasing and so are our electricity bills. And that's not surprising, because there are 6 other people living in the house with me. A very pressing question for us is: How can we save energy in our home? And I started my experiments. The first thing I did was create an energy pass for my home. Secondly, I studied how much electricity we use if we lead a normal life and do not particularly monitor energy savings. And thirdly, I set a condition at home for two weeks: save money and not waste electrical energy. After analyzing all the data, I suggested to my father to replace the lamps in some rooms of our house with energy-saving lamps.

Energy pass of my house

I analyzed the electricity consumption in the house, and then created a table of household electrical appliances with the declared power and a table of lighting lamps for all rooms in the house.

Table of the most commonly used household electrical appliances in our household:

NO.	Device name	Power consumption, W
1	washing machine	2300
2	Vacuum cleaner	2100
3	Refrigerator	400
4	microwave	1500
5	food processor	1200
6	Grill oven	1300
7	mixer	750
8th	TV 1	67
9	TV 2	80
10	TV 3	80
eleven	hairdryer	2000

Table of lighting lamps for all rooms of our house:

room type	Lamp type	Type of lamps	Kraft, W
1. floor
Living room	Ceiling	LED	9W x 2 = 18W
The kitchen	Ceiling	LED	11W x 12 = 132W
bath	Ceiling	LED	9W x 5 = 45W
corridor	lamp	save energy	11W x 1 = 11W
pantry	chandelier	save energy	11W x 1 = 11W
2nd Floor
Room 1	chandelier	save energy	11W x 3 = 33W
	Reading lamp	save energy	11W x 2 = 22W
Room 2	Ceiling	LED	11W x 4 = 44W 9W x 1 = 9W
Room 3	chandelier	Bright	36W x 1 = 36W
Room 4	chandelier	save energy	11W x 3 = 33W
corridor	lamp	Bright	36W x 1 = 36W

The table shows that among household appliances, the washing machine has the highest energy consumption, followed by a vacuum cleaner and a hairdryer, although the latter is not used as often.

Measurement and analysis of electricity consumption

The purpose of the experiment was to calculate the cost of electrical energy consumed. The first period is normal consumption, the second period is saving.

Date	Meter reading at the beginning of the week	Counter reading at the end of the week	Power consumption kW/hour	Price rub.
from October 8th to 22nd10. 2017	5117	5324	207	730, 71
from October 23rd to June 20th11. 2017	5340	5501	161	568, 33

The accepted tariff is: 1 kW/h – 3 rubles, 53 kopecks.

Thus, the table shows that our family received economical electricity consumption in two weeks162 rubles 38 kopecks.

I have seen in practice that electricity is wasted when devices are plugged in but not used or when devices are in standby mode.

During the work, my hypothesis was confirmed. We found ways to save electricity, but except for the older generation (grandparents), it was difficult for family members to constantly save light. That's why saving energy in this phase is not a habit for our family, but rather just a prerequisite for an experiment.

I think that if you follow the developed energy saving rules for a certain period of time, the invented saving options will become a habit for our family.

Save the family budget

I decided to calculate how much energy is wasted when devices are turned on but not in use. Because I knew the wattage of the devices, I was able to calculate how much power is used when the TVs are on (and we have three of them! ) when they are not in use. If televisions are left on and not used for just 2 hours a day, they consume 13. 8 kWh of energy per month. Over the course of a year this is 165. 6 kW/h, in some cases this period is longer and averages 6 hours, so they consume up to 41. 4 kW/h and over the course of a year 496. 8 kW/h of energykW/hour. For a family budget, this ranges from 49 to 146 rubles per month. This amounts to 585 rubles to 1754 rubles per year. We decided this was a significant savings for our large family!

And another experiment. Measuring energy costs when devices are in standby mode.

I unplugged the cord from the refrigerator and turned off the light. Appliances remained on in standby mode: television, washing machine, microwave, charger. I observed the meter readings: in 4 minutes the meter disk made one revolution. I made a calculation: 4 minutes – 1 revolution, 1 hour – 15 revolutions. If the standby mode is 20 hours per day, the energy consumption can be up to 180 kW/hour per year.

Conclusion: The energy audit showed that the total electricity consumption in the apartment per day was just over 8 kW/h, which corresponds to a monthly electricity consumption of around 240-250 kW/h. All calculations were carried out in autumn, when the maximum energy consumption occurs due to the short daylight hours. I also discovered that electrical devices that are turned on but not in use or in standby mode consume a lot of energy. This means that by turning it off, you can reduce energy costs and protect your family's budget.

Diploma

As part of the project preparation, I not only examined and analyzed the data obtained through measurements and experiments, but also took the initiative to replace outdated incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps and demonstrate their advantages. At the moment my apartment is completely equipped with LED and energy-saving lamps.

This is the easiest thing you can do to save energy in a single family; anyone can do it.

Now imagine if we managed to reduce power consumption by 100W. This means we saved:

• Coal - 48 kilograms
• Oil - 33 liters
• Gas - 35 cubic meters.

The study has shown that if you use household appliances correctly, use energy-saving lamps and do not leave devices in standby mode, energy costs in the family can actually be reduced and the family budget can be saved.

Therefore, when we address the issue of how to save electricity and put into practice various energy saving methods, we also care about the future generations that will live on our planet.