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Energy saving.The effectiveness of the use of energy resources.

Today's energy saving is one of the primary areas of politics and companies that focus on dynamic development, both in terms of reducing the costs of their own production of the main products and the general alignment of the government programs that aim to reduce the stress of capacity.Energy saving is one of the most important tasks for every company that was now exposed to companies during the economic crisis.The technological and economic features of the centralized heat supply of consumers are directly related to thermal energy.However, this is not the only factor that influences the special features.Effective energy savings can significantly reduce production costs and, as a result, increase its competitiveness in the markets.

Savings of energy

There are a large number of different methods to increase rational use of existing energy resources and capacities.And the earlier the company begins to introduce energy -saving technologies, the faster it will feel the positive effects of these events that are expressed in certain financial indicators."For energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and changing certain legislative files."The law creates the tasks of carrying out measures that aim to reduce energy costs, namely:

  • From January 1, 2010, a budget institution is obliged to compare the comparable conditions of water volume, natural gas, heating oil, diesel and other fuel, heat energy, electrical energy over five years with at least fifteen percent of the volume that he had actually used in 2009, to ensure at least one volume with a weekly decrease of at least three percent.
  • By January 1, 2011, the owners of buildings, structures, structures and other objects are necessary during operation in order to complete the equipment of such objects by measuring devices of the used water, natural gas, heat energy, electrical energy and the commissioning of the relevant measurement devices taken.
  • By May 15, 2010, organizations with the participation of the state, including state and local institutions that accept energy conservation programs and increase energy efficiency.
  • Organizations with the participation of the state, including state and local institutions, must organize and carry out the first energy test by December 31, 2012.

Energy saving as a way to enable the growing need for energy and energy resources is 2 to 5 times more profitable than building new capacities for the production of thermal and electrical energy for the same purposes.For our population, the high growth rate of internal energy prices and energy raw materials to support and develop the fuel and energy complex is unacceptable, since work productivity and the level of payment are many times lower than in the most developed countries.The price growth rates should not exceed the growth rate of labor productivity.Otherwise, inflation in the country will grow to the extent to which the costs of the energy sources increase.The broken global economic crisis, which the world grasped almost without a trace, was of particular importance for the increase in energy efficiency, since every ruble, the concept of an energy -efficient increase in the country's economy should consist of 4 parts:

  • Energy saving programs;
  • Stabilization of energy prices (for which trust and interdependence between manufacturers, consumers and energy resources should be guaranteed);
  • Increasing the role of nuclear and non -traditional renewable energies;
  • Development of new energy technologies.

In recent years, radical changes have occurred in our country that require a change in approaches and psychology, which generally made new decisions.The most important of them are: a) a cardinal change in the legal area;b) continued liberalization in the electricity industry and gas industry;c) implementation of national projects;d) the emergence of a global systemic lack of energy capacities and the capacity of the network economy;e) Restrictions for hydrocarbons.

The effectiveness of the use of energy resources

Modern large companies are interested in reducing the costs for products to attract customers.In order to reduce the costs, the entire production chain should be reorganized, the effectiveness of the use of energy resources is checked.This is very important because various energy resources are used in production.It can be electricity, heat and other resources.There are different methods for more effective use.First, it is necessary to solve a psychological problem that represents a serious obstacle to the economy of electricity, i.e. employees are not interested in the economic use of resources.Another problem is the unpreparedness of the Enterprise Manager to reorganize the entire production process for the effective use of energy resources.The process of reducing energy costs is therefore achieved in different ways:

  • Restructuring of the company and the entire production;
  • Gradually reconstruction of the production process;
  • Determination of the potential of energy saving;
  • Implementation of programs for the effective use of energy resources;
  • Regular technological examination of companies.

In large companies with their energy conservation specialists, energy test programs themselves are put together with the inclusion of experts from regional energy saving centers.In small and medium -sized companies, the energy test programs are developed by specialists from regional or republican energy saving centers.These programs should have several phases:

Evaluation of the energy saving potential.At this stage, a detailed examination of the energy consumption of all large energy consumers, workshops and the entire company is carried out for at least 5 years before the examined year.Data is processed on a computer and mathematical energy consumption models are created.The latter are required to take into account the dependence of the energy consumption of power, temperature, raw material quality, etc.After processing the survey results, databases are created, including the following information:

  • Consumption of basic energy resources (fuel, electricity, heat and water), both absolutely and specifically, is assigned to the unity of the main types of products;
  • Consumption of basic energy resources for similar settings, workshops and companies in this industry abroad (helps to establish a situation with energy consumption in the analyzed company: good, medium, bad, very bad);
  • the potential of energy savings, expresses in natural (KW · H, GJ, T) and money calculus;
  • The main methods to reduce energy costs in similar domestic and foreign companies (methods for achieving, costs, repayment periods, etc.).

A check -up frequently enables reserves to identify reserves for immediate energy savings (e.g. improper operation of electrical lighting, load with low equipment, large thermal and electrical loss, etc.).In most cases, tax conversion data is required to develop an energy -saving strategy.Organization of the accounting of energy consumption.Studies show that the correct organization of energy consumption calculation 5 ... 10 % of energy resources can save without additional measures.The best result is achieved when organizing an energy center in the company, which contains a central computer with suitable software, a network of transmission data on energy consumption and primary devices (meters and sensors).

Depending on the company's scale and the values of energy consumption, these elements of the energy center should be selected.For large companies (metallurgical, chemical, automobiles), it is therefore advisable to create complex and expensive energy centers.A relatively cheap computer with simple software is suitable for small companies.Therefore, organizing control over the consumption of energy resources is the first and most important step towards your rational management management:

  • Identification of the workshops and sections that take revenge the energy resources within the company;
  • a detailed examination of accounts of the company with energy supply companies;
  • Identification of the energetically most effective operating modes of the devices and the maintenance of these modes for as much time as possible;
  • A strict quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of different energy -saving measures in natural (GJ, KWNC etc.) and monetary terms.

Development and implementation of measures to reduce TED consumption. Despite the differences in the structures of industrial plants and methods of your company, the potential skills of energy saving are similar.They can be grouped in the following categories:

  • Operating and maintenance strategy;
  • Strategy for modernizing devices and technological processes;
  • The strategy for replacing the existing devices with a new, less energy -intensive and the introduction of new technologies.

For example, the current energy consumption of the company is accepted before the implementation of the energy saving program for the initial state.Subsequently, control numbers are set on the analysis of existing skills in order to reduce energy consumption at the end of each stage of the energy saving program.An important aspect of implementing the program is the problem of the motivation of the personnel of companies for implementation.Information about the energy conservation program should be available in an accessible form that is brought to all participating artists.All program managers should know that they receive a real reward in implementing their phases.When developing energy saving measures on PP, it must be remembered that there are the following savings areas:

  • Saving by improving energy supply;
  • Savings by improving energy consumption.

These measures are developed by power supply engineers.The most important are:

The right choice of energy sources.Each process requires such an energy source that offers the greatest energy and economic effect.For example, a direct use of fuel and electrical warming should be compared for stoves and heating systems.For Black Force and Pressure Elegic Etenricity, compressed air and steam (if you are available from the company).The type of energy is selected by comparing options and comprehensively analyzing the following factors:

  • Technology requirements (change in product quality, raw material consumption, etc.);
  • economic differences in the equipment conditions of the construction and operating conditions;
  • Energy costs in comparison;
  • The availability of the required equipment;
  • the required period to replace the equipment;
  • The economic effect of the use of Ver, the costs of environmental measures.

The costs of the options under consideration are determined by the expression z = emergency + IP+ Eudpzud.E - σδzIPresent

KP is the capital costs for this technological installation without taking into account the costs for the installation of VER;IP - operating costs without energy component;Eud - specific consumption of energy resources;P - annual production of products;ZuD - the above -mentioned specific energy costs;I - The effect of the use of ver. For current companies, an assessment of the compared options for current energy tariffs is permitted if the costs of the events from the Enterprise Fund are covered.

  1. Reduction of the number of energy changes.Since every transformation of energy is associated with losses, the less consistent transformations that are subject to energy, the higher the general efficiency.From an economic point of view, it is advisable, for example, to replace compressed air with electricity, where it is possible according to the technological conditions.
  2. Development of rational energy saving schemes.The energy saving scheme of the plant is a complex complex in which individual energy sources are dependent and frequently interchangeable.The development of a comprehensive power supply cheman, which is connected to the technology and takes into account the technologically necessary parameters of all energy sources, will show the savings reserves and show the sequence of their implementation.
  3. Automation of energy supply units.This includes measures such as the automation of heating units, boiler units, substation and the introduction of television and the automatic control of energy parameters from different engines and assemblies.
  4. Improvement of the quality of energy resources.Any change in the parameters of energy resources (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfurness, ash, electricity quality, etc.) leads to a deterioration in product quality and an over -control of energy resources.

Heat energy losses are divided into technological classification;commercially;Emergency.This indicator is calculated for a heating period in the company, whereby the production costs and climatic conditions are taken into account last year.The percentage of losses depends on the type of networks, temperature diagrams, pressure and atmospheric temperature.